One Thousand and One Conjectures

Chinese court astronomers recorded celestial omens for two millennia, but they worked for a state in which comets and eclipses bore directly on the Mandate of Heaven — so the record was politically sensitive by construction. Korean, Japanese, and Arabic astronomers watched…

This joins the three great survivals of ancient gearing — the Antikythera mechanism of Hellenistic Greece, the Byzantine geared sundial-calendar, and the Islamic geared astrolabes — into a single line of craft descent. The tooth module, the characteristic size of a gear…

across the great translation movements, commentaries crossed the language frontier at far lower rates than base texts — except lemmatized commentaries that embed their base text, which crossed at near-base-text rates. Patrons commissioned usable, self-sufficient objects; a commentary without its base text…

This connects the well-known devaluation of the ijaza into a formality with the rhetoric of the document itself. As real audition decayed into blanket and even to-whom-it-may-concern licenses, the certificate lost evidentiary content; the conjecture is that the parchment compensated. Neither the…

This connects paper-trade standardization with the size distribution of surviving books. Paper left the mill in named full-sheet formats, and books were cut as the full sheet, its half, its quarter, its eighth; a warraq's stock was a ladder, not a continuum.…

This connects the known takeover of the Islamic paper market by European mills with a datable moving boundary in the codicological record. Watermarked Italian paper displaced Oriental laid paper, but not everywhere at once: it should have swept as a front, arriving…

This connects the near-monopoly of one Qurʾanic transmission (Hafs ʿan ʿAsim) in the later manuscript record with imperial book provisioning rather than early canon dynamics. Regional readings, Warsh, Qalun, al-Duri, held substantial shares of the copied record for centuries. The conjecture: the…

This connects art patronage with textual growth in the Persian epic tradition. Shahnama copies vary by thousands of verses, and the variation is usually treated as scribal drift. The conjecture: interpolation was patron-driven. A royal commission was a completeness market, the fullest…

Which Shahnama episodes got painted is normally explained by narrative salience and patron taste. In commercial production the causality should often run the other way: painting spaces were reserved at ruling time, spread across the planned quires so a buyer flipping the…

That illustrated books survive preferentially is doctrine; the sharper, unestablished claim is that survival and integrity anticorrelate through the dealer's knife. Every painting is a separable asset, so the hazard of dismemberment grows with painting count, and the market leaves a dose-response…

Rubbed-out faces in Persian and Arabic figural manuscripts are usually narrated as diffuse pious attrition accumulating across many readers. If that were so, defacement per manuscript would spread smoothly with use. But if defacement is typically one owner's single campaign through the…

Al-Sufi's Book of Fixed Stars transmits each constellation in two mirror parities — as seen in the sky and as on the celestial globe — and copies differ in how the pairing survives. Painters copy their exemplar's pictures, so parity should be…