Ars Inquirendi
Paper Machines The machine Does it run true Sources Hugh: the line of numbers Hugh: construct the Ark Lynn Llull Regiomontanus

Hugh of Saint Victor

The line of years

After the prologue that the first Hugh machine works through, the Chronicle stops explaining and starts ruling lines. What follows is a table: one row for every year of the Lord, from the Incarnation to Hugh's own day, in six columns across each row, the year, the indiction, the popes with their years, the emperors with theirs. A name is written once, at the man's accession, with the length of his office beside it; after that a counter runs down the column, year by year, until the next name is entered. That is the whole machine. Any year can be entered from the side: put a finger on 1 or on 1137 and the row says who held the see of Rome, who held the Empire, how far into each reign the year falls, and where it stands in the fifteen-year cycle of the indiction. This page puts a pointer on the photographed leaf and moves it, 1139 rows over 24 leaves of the Bamberg copy, and then asks the question the table cannot ask of itself: does the line run true?

Walk the line

Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 25r: a page of the Chronicle's table, ruled in six columns, carrying the years 1 to 46

Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Msc.Patr.21, fol. 25r. The years 1–46. The band marks the row the pointer stands on; the frame scrolls, and the leaf changes under the pointer when the year crosses to the next one. The photograph is a local copy, shown at the width of this column.

The row

Year
1, written i
Indiction
iiii (4) — the expected 4
In the see of Rome
No pope has been entered in this column yet at this year.
In the Empire
No emperor has been entered in this column yet at this year.
On the leaf
fol. 25r
Flags
Nothing in this row breaks the rules of the table.

In the year 1, the 4th indiction: no pope entered; no emperor entered. Folio 25r.

Find a person

Choosing a name puts the pointer on the row where Hugh enters him. These are Hugh's lists, in Hugh's order, with his spellings.

What the columns are

anni_domini · indictio · pontifices · anni_pont · imperatores · anni_imp

Six ruled columns: the year of the Lord, the indiction, the popes and their years, the emperors and theirs. Persons in two of them, times in the rest, and the columns themselves are the places, the see of Rome and the Empire, kept open down the whole length of the line.

This page stores nothing about you: no cookie, no browser storage, no account, and no request of any kind once it has loaded. Every leaf shown here is a local copy kept with the page, so no other institution's image server is ever asked for anything, and nobody, including us, learns which years you looked at.

Does the line run true

Hugh's table is a list of dates, and dates can be checked. Below, every person the modern list also knows is set at the year Hugh enters him, with the difference between the two dates drawn as the height of the mark: popes above the line of years, emperors below it, and in both bands a mark that rises means Hugh's year is the later one. The chart is not a scorecard. A twelfth-century table assembled from earlier chronicles is expected to drift, and where it drifts by the same amount for a stretch of names, the cause is usually one slip propagated, not 244 independent errors.

Popes Emperors +31 years later than the modern date −31 years earlier than the modern date 1 2004006008001000 1137 200: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line290: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line; the indiction written here does not match the year291: the indiction written here does not match the year292: the indiction written here does not match the year293: the indiction written here does not match the year294: the indiction written here does not match the year295: the indiction written here does not match the year296: the indiction written here does not match the year297: the indiction written here does not match the year298: the indiction written here does not match the year299: the indiction written here does not match the year300: the indiction written here does not match the year301: the indiction written here does not match the year302: the indiction written here does not match the year303: the indiction written here does not match the year304: the indiction written here does not match the year305: the indiction written here does not match the year306: the indiction written here does not match the year307: the indiction written here does not match the year308: the indiction written here does not match the year309: the indiction written here does not match the year310: the indiction written here does not match the year311: the indiction written here does not match the year312: the indiction written here does not match the year313: the indiction written here does not match the year314: the indiction written here does not match the year315: the indiction written here does not match the year316: the indiction written here does not match the year317: the indiction written here does not match the year318: the indiction written here does not match the year319: the indiction written here does not match the year320: the indiction written here does not match the year321: the indiction written here does not match the year322: the indiction written here does not match the year323: the indiction written here does not match the year324: the indiction written here does not match the year325: the indiction written here does not match the year326: the indiction written here does not match the year327: the indiction written here does not match the year328: the indiction written here does not match the year340: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line; the indiction written here does not match the year341: the indiction written here does not match the year342: the indiction written here does not match the year343: the indiction written here does not match the year344: the indiction written here does not match the year345: the indiction written here does not match the year346: the indiction written here does not match the year347: the indiction written here does not match the year348: the indiction written here does not match the year349: the indiction written here does not match the year350: the indiction written here does not match the year351: the indiction written here does not match the year352: the indiction written here does not match the year353: the indiction written here does not match the year354: the indiction written here does not match the year355: the indiction written here does not match the year356: the indiction written here does not match the year357: the indiction written here does not match the year358: the indiction written here does not match the year359: the indiction written here does not match the year360: the indiction written here does not match the year361: the indiction written here does not match the year362: the indiction written here does not match the year363: the indiction written here does not match the year364: the indiction written here does not match the year365: the indiction written here does not match the year366: the indiction written here does not match the year367: the indiction written here does not match the year368: the indiction written here does not match the year369: the indiction written here does not match the year370: the indiction written here does not match the year371: the indiction written here does not match the year372: the indiction written here does not match the year373: the indiction written here does not match the year374: the indiction written here does not match the year376: a year of the Lord is missing from the column here424: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line425: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line426: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line427: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line428: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line429: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line431: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line432: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line433: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line434: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line436: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line437: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line438: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line439: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line441: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line442: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line443: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line444: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line446: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line447: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line448: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line449: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line451: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line452: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line453: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line454: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line456: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line457: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line458: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line459: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line461: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line462: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line463: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line464: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line466: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line467: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line468: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line469: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line476: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line477: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line478: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line479: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line481: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line482: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line483: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line484: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line486: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line487: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line488: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line489: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line496: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line497: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line498: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line499: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line521: a year of the Lord is missing from the column here690: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line691: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line692: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line693: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line694: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line695: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line696: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line697: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line698: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line699: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line808: the indiction written here does not match the year825: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line825: the indiction written here does not match the year; the year is written twice; the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line826: the indiction written here does not match the year827: the indiction written here does not match the year828: the indiction written here does not match the year829: the indiction written here does not match the year830: the indiction written here does not match the year831: the indiction written here does not match the year832: the indiction written here does not match the year833: the indiction written here does not match the year834: the indiction written here does not match the year835: the indiction written here does not match the year836: the indiction written here does not match the year837: the indiction written here does not match the year838: the indiction written here does not match the year839: the indiction written here does not match the year840: the indiction written here does not match the year841: the indiction written here does not match the year842: the indiction written here does not match the year843: the indiction written here does not match the year844: the indiction written here does not match the year845: the indiction written here does not match the year846: the indiction written here does not match the year847: the indiction written here does not match the year848: the indiction written here does not match the year849: the indiction written here does not match the year850: the indiction written here does not match the year851: the indiction written here does not match the year852: the indiction written here does not match the year853: the indiction written here does not match the year899: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line1000: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line1100: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line1122: the indiction written here does not match the year1123: the indiction written here does not match the year1124: the indiction written here does not match the year1125: the indiction written here does not match the year1126: the indiction written here does not match the year1127: the indiction written here does not match the year1128: the indiction written here does not match the year1129: the indiction written here does not match the year1129: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line Octavianus Augustus (after the Nativity), emperor: Hugh enters him at 2, the modern list at 27 BC, 28 years laterTiberius imperator, emperor: Hugh enters him at 16, the modern list at 14, 2 years laterGaius qui et Caligula, emperor: Hugh enters him at 40, the modern list at 37, 3 years laterClaudius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 44, the modern list at 41, 3 years laterNero, emperor: Hugh enters him at 58, the modern list at 54, 4 years laterGalba, emperor: Hugh enters him at 71, the modern list at 68, 3 years laterVespasianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 72, the modern list at 69, 3 years laterTitus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 82, the modern list at 79, 3 years laterDomitianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 85, the modern list at 81, 4 years laterNerua, emperor: Hugh enters him at 98, the modern list at 96, 2 years laterTraianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 100, the modern list at 98, 2 years laterAdrianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 119, the modern list at 117, 2 years laterAntoninus Pius cum filiis suis, emperor: Hugh enters him at 140, the modern list at 138, 2 years laterMarcus Antoninus Verus cum fratre Lucio Aurelio Commodo, emperor: Hugh enters him at 162, the modern list at 161, 1 year laterCommodus filius Antonini, emperor: Hugh enters him at 181, the modern list at 180, 1 year laterHeluius Pertinax et Seuerus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 194, the modern list at 193, 1 year laterAntoninus Caragalla, emperor: Hugh enters him at 212, the modern list at 211, 1 year laterMacrinus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 219, the modern list at 217, 2 years laterAntoninus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 220, the modern list at 218, 2 years laterAlexander, emperor: Hugh enters him at 223, the modern list at 222, 1 year laterMaximinus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 236, the modern list at 235, 1 year laterGordianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 239, the modern list at 238, 1 year laterPhilippus cum Philippo filio, emperor: Hugh enters him at 245, the modern list at 244, 1 year laterDecius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 252, the modern list at 249, 3 years laterGallus cum Volusiano, emperor: Hugh enters him at 253, the modern list at 251, 2 years laterValerianus cum Gallieno filio, emperor: Hugh enters him at 256, the modern list at 253, 3 years laterClaudius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 271, the modern list at 268, 3 years laterAurelianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 272, the modern list at 270, 2 years laterTacitus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 279, the modern list at 275, 4 years laterProbus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 280, the modern list at 276, 4 years laterCarus cum Carino et Numeriano, emperor: Hugh enters him at 287, the modern list at 282, 5 years laterDioclitianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 289, the modern list at 284, 5 years laterConstantinus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 309, the modern list at 306, 3 years laterConstantius cum Constantino et Constante fratribus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 339, the modern list at 337, 2 years laterIulius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 362, the modern list at 361, 1 year laterIouinianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 364, the modern list at 363, 1 year laterValentinianus cum Valente fratre, emperor: Hugh enters him at 365, the modern list at 364, 1 year laterGratianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 380, the modern list at 375, 5 years laterTheodosius cum Valentiniano, emperor: Hugh enters him at 386, the modern list at 392, 6 years earlierHonorius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 411, the modern list at 395, 16 years laterZeno, emperor: Hugh enters him at 476, the modern list at 476, the same yearAnastasius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 492, the modern list at 491, 1 year laterJustinus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 518, the modern list at 518, the same yearJustinianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 527, the modern list at 527, the same yearJustinus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 565, the modern list at 565, the same yearTiberius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 576, the modern list at 578, 2 years earlierMauricius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 584, the modern list at 582, 2 years laterPhocas, emperor: Hugh enters him at 605, the modern list at 602, 3 years laterEraclius imperator cum Constantino filio suo, emperor: Hugh enters him at 610, the modern list at 610, the same yearConstantinus cum Iradona fratre, emperor: Hugh enters him at 641, the modern list at 641, the same yearConstantinus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 670, the modern list at 668, 2 years laterIustinianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 687, the modern list at 685, 2 years laterLeo, emperor: Hugh enters him at 697, the modern list at 695, 2 years laterTiberius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 699, the modern list at 698, 1 year laterIustinianus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 706, the modern list at 705, 1 year laterPhilippus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 713, the modern list at 711, 2 years laterAnastasius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 714, the modern list at 713, 1 year laterTheodosius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 717, the modern list at 715, 2 years laterLeo cum Constantino filio, emperor: Hugh enters him at 718, the modern list at 717, 1 year laterConstantinus cum Hyrene matre, emperor: Hugh enters him at 743, the modern list at 741, 2 years laterConstantinus et Leo filius eius cum Pippino rege Francorum et Tharolo et Tharolo magno filius suus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 753, the modern list at 780, 27 years earlierKarolus i accepit imperium Romanorum et, emperor: Hugh enters him at 801, the modern list at 800, 1 year laterLodoicus cum Lothario filio, emperor: Hugh enters him at 814, the modern list at 813, 1 year laterLotharius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 838, the modern list at 823, 15 years laterLodoicus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 855, the modern list at 855, the same yearKarolus ii, emperor: Hugh enters him at 876, the modern list at 875, 1 year laterKarolus tertius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 881, the modern list at 881, the same yearLodoicus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 903, the modern list at 901, 2 years laterBerengarius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 908, the modern list at 915, 7 years earlierOtto primus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 962, the modern list at 962, the same yearOtto ii cum Ottone filio, emperor: Hugh enters him at 968, the modern list at 973, 5 years earlierOtto iii, emperor: Hugh enters him at 996, the modern list at 996, the same yearHenricus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 1014, the modern list at 1014, the same yearConradus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 1027, the modern list at 1027, the same yearHenricus imperator, emperor: Hugh enters him at 1048, the modern list at 1046, 2 years laterHenricus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 1086, the modern list at 1084, 2 years laterHenricus quartus, emperor: Hugh enters him at 1105, the modern list at 1111, 6 years earlierLotharius, emperor: Hugh enters him at 1125, the modern list at 1133, 8 years earlierPetrus apostolus (at Antioch, then at Rome), pope: Hugh enters him at 34, the modern list at 30, 4 years laterLinus, pope: Hugh enters him at 71, the modern list at 64, 7 years laterCletus, pope: Hugh enters him at 82, the modern list at 76, 6 years laterClemens, pope: Hugh enters him at 93, the modern list at 88, 5 years laterEuaristus, pope: Hugh enters him at 111, the modern list at 97, 14 years laterAlexander, pope: Hugh enters him at 121, the modern list at 105, 16 years laterSixtus, pope: Hugh enters him at 129, the modern list at 115, 14 years laterTelesphorus, pope: Hugh enters him at 139, the modern list at 125, 14 years laterYginus, pope: Hugh enters him at 150, the modern list at 136, 14 years laterAnicetus, pope: Hugh enters him at 154, the modern list at 155, 1 year earlierPius, pope: Hugh enters him at 163, the modern list at 140, 23 years laterSoter, pope: Hugh enters him at 175, the modern list at 166, 9 years laterEleutherius, pope: Hugh enters him at 184, the modern list at 174, 10 years laterVictor, pope: Hugh enters him at 199, the modern list at 189, 10 years laterZepherinus, pope: Hugh enters him at 209, the modern list at 198, 11 years laterCalixtus, pope: Hugh enters him at 218, the modern list at 218, the same yearUrbanus, pope: Hugh enters him at 223, the modern list at 222, 1 year laterPontianus, pope: Hugh enters him at 231, the modern list at 230, 1 year laterAntheros, pope: Hugh enters him at 237, the modern list at 235, 2 years laterFabianus, pope: Hugh enters him at 238, the modern list at 236, 2 years laterCornelius, pope: Hugh enters him at 252, the modern list at 251, 1 year laterLucius, pope: Hugh enters him at 254, the modern list at 253, 1 year laterStephanus, pope: Hugh enters him at 257, the modern list at 254, 3 years laterSixtus, pope: Hugh enters him at 261, the modern list at 257, 4 years laterDionisius, pope: Hugh enters him at 264, the modern list at 259, 5 years laterFelix, pope: Hugh enters him at 266, the modern list at 269, 3 years earlierEutitianus, pope: Hugh enters him at 268, the modern list at 275, 7 years earlierGaius, pope: Hugh enters him at 277, the modern list at 283, 6 years earlierMarcellinus, pope: Hugh enters him at 289, the modern list at 296, 7 years earlierMarcellinus, pope: Hugh enters him at 304, the modern list at 308, 4 years earlierEusebius, pope: Hugh enters him at 309, the modern list at 309, the same yearMelciades, pope: Hugh enters him at 312, the modern list at 311, 1 year laterSiluester, pope: Hugh enters him at 315, the modern list at 314, 1 year laterMarcus, pope: Hugh enters him at 340, the modern list at 336, 4 years laterJulius, pope: Hugh enters him at 342, the modern list at 337, 5 years laterLiberius, pope: Hugh enters him at 354, the modern list at 352, 2 years laterFelix, pope: Hugh enters him at 363, the modern list at 355, 8 years laterDamasus, pope: Hugh enters him at 369, the modern list at 366, 3 years laterSiricius, pope: Hugh enters him at 388, the modern list at 384, 4 years laterAnastasius, pope: Hugh enters him at 405, the modern list at 399, 6 years laterInnocentius, pope: Hugh enters him at 408, the modern list at 401, 7 years laterZosimus, pope: Hugh enters him at 422, the modern list at 417, 5 years laterBonefacius, pope: Hugh enters him at 425, the modern list at 418, 7 years laterCelestinus, pope: Hugh enters him at 428, the modern list at 422, 6 years laterLeo primus pontifex, pope: Hugh enters him at 436, the modern list at 440, 4 years earlierHylarius, pope: Hugh enters him at 457, the modern list at 461, 4 years earlierSixtus, pope: Hugh enters him at 463, the modern list at 432, 31 years laterSimplicius, pope: Hugh enters him at 471, the modern list at 468, 3 years laterFelix, pope: Hugh enters him at 486, the modern list at 483, 3 years laterGelasius, pope: Hugh enters him at 495, the modern list at 492, 3 years laterAnastasius, pope: Hugh enters him at 499, the modern list at 496, 3 years laterSimachus, pope: Hugh enters him at 501, the modern list at 498, 3 years laterHormisda, pope: Hugh enters him at 516, the modern list at 514, 2 years laterJohannes, pope: Hugh enters him at 525, the modern list at 523, 2 years laterFelix, pope: Hugh enters him at 528, the modern list at 526, 2 years laterBonefatius, pope: Hugh enters him at 532, the modern list at 530, 2 years laterJohannes, pope: Hugh enters him at 534, the modern list at 533, 1 year laterAgapitus, pope: Hugh enters him at 536, the modern list at 535, 1 year laterSiluerius, pope: Hugh enters him at 537, the modern list at 536, 1 year laterVigilius, pope: Hugh enters him at 540, the modern list at 537, 3 years laterPelagius, pope: Hugh enters him at 558, the modern list at 556, 2 years laterJohannes, pope: Hugh enters him at 562, the modern list at 561, 1 year laterBenedictus, pope: Hugh enters him at 577, the modern list at 575, 2 years laterPelagius, pope: Hugh enters him at 580, the modern list at 579, 1 year laterGregorius doctor, pope: Hugh enters him at 592, the modern list at 590, 2 years laterSabinianus, pope: Hugh enters him at 606, the modern list at 604, 2 years laterBonifacius, pope: Hugh enters him at 608, the modern list at 608, the same yearBonifacius, pope: Hugh enters him at 609, the modern list at 607, 2 years laterDeusdedit, pope: Hugh enters him at 616, the modern list at 615, 1 year laterBonifacius, pope: Hugh enters him at 619, the modern list at 619, the same yearHonorius, pope: Hugh enters him at 625, the modern list at 625, the same yearSeverinus, pope: Hugh enters him at 638, the modern list at 640, 2 years earlierIohannes, pope: Hugh enters him at 640, the modern list at 640, the same yearTheodorus, pope: Hugh enters him at 642, the modern list at 642, the same yearMartinus martyr, pope: Hugh enters him at 649, the modern list at 649, the same yearEugenius, pope: Hugh enters him at 655, the modern list at 654, 1 year laterVitalianus, pope: Hugh enters him at 657, the modern list at 657, the same yearAdeodatus, pope: Hugh enters him at 671, the modern list at 672, 1 year earlierDomnus, pope: Hugh enters him at 676, the modern list at 676, the same yearAgatho, pope: Hugh enters him at 678, the modern list at 678, the same yearLeo, pope: Hugh enters him at 681, the modern list at 682, 1 year earlierBenedictus, pope: Hugh enters him at 682, the modern list at 684, 2 years earlierIohannes iii, pope: Hugh enters him at 684, the modern list at 685, 1 year earlierConon, pope: Hugh enters him at 686, the modern list at 686, the same yearSergius, pope: Hugh enters him at 687, the modern list at 687, the same yearIohannes iiii, pope: Hugh enters him at 701, the modern list at 701, the same yearIohannes v, pope: Hugh enters him at 704, the modern list at 705, 1 year earlierSisinnius, pope: Hugh enters him at 707, the modern list at 708, 1 year earlierConstantinus, pope: Hugh enters him at 708, the modern list at 708, the same yearGregorius ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 715, the modern list at 715, the same yearGregorius iii, pope: Hugh enters him at 731, the modern list at 731, the same yearZacharias, pope: Hugh enters him at 742, the modern list at 741, 1 year laterStephanus ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 752, the modern list at 752, the same yearPaulus, pope: Hugh enters him at 758, the modern list at 757, 1 year laterStephanus, pope: Hugh enters him at 769, the modern list at 768, 1 year laterAdrianus, pope: Hugh enters him at 773, the modern list at 772, 1 year laterLeo iii, pope: Hugh enters him at 796, the modern list at 795, 1 year laterStephanus iiii, pope: Hugh enters him at 816, the modern list at 816, the same yearPascalis, pope: Hugh enters him at 817, the modern list at 817, the same yearEugenius, pope: Hugh enters him at 824, the modern list at 824, the same yearValentinus, pope: Hugh enters him at 826, the modern list at 827, 1 year earlierGregorius iiii, pope: Hugh enters him at 827, the modern list at 827, the same yearSergius ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 843, the modern list at 844, 1 year earlierLeo iiii, pope: Hugh enters him at 846, the modern list at 847, 1 year earlierBenedictus, pope: Hugh enters him at 856, the modern list at 855, 1 year laterNicholaus i, pope: Hugh enters him at 858, the modern list at 858, the same yearAdrianus ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 868, the modern list at 867, 1 year laterIohannes viii, pope: Hugh enters him at 873, the modern list at 872, 1 year laterMarianus, pope: Hugh enters him at 883, the modern list at 882, 1 year laterAdrianus iii, pope: Hugh enters him at 884, the modern list at 884, the same yearStephanus v, pope: Hugh enters him at 885, the modern list at 885, the same yearFormosus, pope: Hugh enters him at 891, the modern list at 891, the same yearBonifacius vi, pope: Hugh enters him at 895, the modern list at 896, 1 year earlierStephanus, pope: Hugh enters him at 896, the modern list at 896, the same yearRomanus, pope: Hugh enters him at 897, the modern list at 897, the same yearTheodorus, pope: Hugh enters him at 898, the modern list at 897, 1 year laterIohannes viiii, pope: Hugh enters him at 899, the modern list at 898, 1 year laterBenedictus quartus, pope: Hugh enters him at 900, the modern list at 900, the same yearLeo v, pope: Hugh enters him at 902, the modern list at 903, 1 year earlierChristoforus, pope: Hugh enters him at 903, the modern list at 903, the same yearSergius iii, pope: Hugh enters him at 905, the modern list at 904, 1 year laterAnastasius, pope: Hugh enters him at 912, the modern list at 911, 1 year laterDando, pope: Hugh enters him at 914, the modern list at 913, 1 year laterIohannes x, pope: Hugh enters him at 915, the modern list at 914, 1 year laterLeo vi, pope: Hugh enters him at 928, the modern list at 928, the same yearStephanus vii, pope: Hugh enters him at 929, the modern list at 929, the same yearIohannes xi, pope: Hugh enters him at 931, the modern list at 931, the same yearStephanus viii, pope: Hugh enters him at 934, the modern list at 939, 5 years earlierLeo vii, pope: Hugh enters him at 937, the modern list at 936, 1 year laterMarinus ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 943, the modern list at 942, 1 year laterAgapitus secundus, pope: Hugh enters him at 946, the modern list at 946, the same yearIohannes xii, pope: Hugh enters him at 956, the modern list at 955, 1 year laterBenedictus v, pope: Hugh enters him at 963, the modern list at 964, 1 year earlierLeo, pope: Hugh enters him at 964, the modern list at 964, the same yearIohannes xiii, pope: Hugh enters him at 965, the modern list at 965, the same yearBenedictus, pope: Hugh enters him at 973, the modern list at 973, the same yearBonifacius, pope: Hugh enters him at 975, the modern list at 974, 1 year laterBenedictus vii, pope: Hugh enters him at 976, the modern list at 974, 2 years laterIohannes xiiii, pope: Hugh enters him at 984, the modern list at 983, 1 year laterIohannes xv, pope: Hugh enters him at 986, the modern list at 985, 1 year laterGregorius v, pope: Hugh enters him at 996, the modern list at 996, the same yearIohannes xvi, pope: Hugh enters him at 998, the modern list at 997, 1 year laterSilvester ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 999, the modern list at 999, the same yearIohannes xvii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1003, the modern list at 1003, the same yearIohannes viii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1004, the modern list at 1003, 1 year laterSergius iiii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1009, the modern list at 1009, the same yearBenedictus viii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1012, the modern list at 1012, the same yearIohannes xviiii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1024, the modern list at 1024, the same yearBenedictus viiii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1033, the modern list at 1032, 1 year laterSilvester iii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1046, the modern list at 1045, 1 year laterGregorius vi, pope: Hugh enters him at 1047, the modern list at 1045, 2 years laterClemens, pope: Hugh enters him at 1048, the modern list at 1046, 2 years laterDamasus, pope: Hugh enters him at 1049, the modern list at 1048, 1 year laterLeo nonus, pope: Hugh enters him at 1050, the modern list at 1049, 1 year laterVictor ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1055, the modern list at 1055, the same yearStephanus, pope: Hugh enters him at 1058, the modern list at 1057, 1 year laterBenedictus x, pope: Hugh enters him at 1059, the modern list at 1058, 1 year laterNicholaus ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1060, the modern list at 1058, 2 years laterAlexander ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1063, the modern list at 1061, 2 years laterGregorius vii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1074, the modern list at 1073, 1 year laterVictor iii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1087, the modern list at 1086, 1 year laterUrbanus ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1089, the modern list at 1088, 1 year laterPaschalis ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1100, the modern list at 1099, 1 year laterGelasius, pope: Hugh enters him at 1118, the modern list at 1118, the same yearCalixtus ii, pope: Hugh enters him at 1119, the modern list at 1119, the same yearHonorius secundus, pope: Hugh enters him at 1125, the modern list at 1124, 1 year later

Popes (166 with a modern date)Emperors (78)Rows where the table breaks one of its own rules (184)

Each mark carries its name, Hugh's year and the modern year: hover it, or tab to it. The widest disagreement on this data is 31 years. Of the 259 persons Hugh enters, 244 are matched to the modern list by name; the rest are left off the chart rather than counted as agreeing.

Where the table breaks its own rules

Three rules can be checked without leaving the page: the indiction must be the year's own place in the fifteen-year cycle, the years must run on one by one, and a counter must run as long as the reign written beside the name. 184 rows of 1139 fail one of them, and those are the rows ticked on the line above.

  • Year 200, fol. 27r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 290, fol. 28r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line; the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 291, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 292, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 293, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 294, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 295, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 296, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 297, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 298, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 299, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 300, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 301, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 302, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 303, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 304, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 305, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 306, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 307, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 308, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 309, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 310, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 311, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 312, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 313, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 314, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 315, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 316, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 317, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 318, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 319, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 320, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 321, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 322, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 323, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 324, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 325, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 326, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 327, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 328, fol. 28r: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 340, fol. 28v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line; the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 341, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 342, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 343, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 344, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 345, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 346, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 347, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 348, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 349, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 350, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 351, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 352, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 353, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 354, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 355, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 356, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 357, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 358, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 359, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 360, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 361, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 362, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 363, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 364, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 365, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 366, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 367, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 368, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 369, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 370, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 371, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 372, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 373, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 374, fol. 28v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 376, fol. 29r: a year of the Lord is missing from the column here
  • Year 424, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 425, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 426, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 427, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 428, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 429, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 431, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 432, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 433, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 434, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 436, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 437, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 438, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 439, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 441, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 442, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 443, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 444, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 446, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 447, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 448, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 449, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 451, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 452, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 453, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 454, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 456, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 457, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 458, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 459, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 461, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 462, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 463, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 464, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 466, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 467, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 468, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 469, fol. 29v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 476, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 477, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 478, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 479, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 481, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 482, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 483, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 484, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 486, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 487, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 488, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 489, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 496, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 497, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 498, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 499, fol. 30r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 521, fol. 30v: a year of the Lord is missing from the column here
  • Year 690, fol. 32r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 691, fol. 32r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 692, fol. 32r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 693, fol. 32r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 694, fol. 32r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 695, fol. 32r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 696, fol. 32r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 697, fol. 32r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 698, fol. 32r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 699, fol. 32r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 808, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 825, fol. 33v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 825, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year; the year is written twice; the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 826, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 827, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 828, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 829, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 830, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 831, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 832, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 833, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 834, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 835, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 836, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 837, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 838, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 839, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 840, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 841, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 842, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 843, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 844, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 845, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 846, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 847, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 848, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 849, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 850, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 851, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 852, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 853, fol. 33v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 899, fol. 34r: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 1000, fol. 35v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 1100, fol. 36v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line
  • Year 1122, fol. 36v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 1123, fol. 36v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 1124, fol. 36v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 1125, fol. 36v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 1126, fol. 36v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 1127, fol. 36v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 1128, fol. 36v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 1129, fol. 36v: the indiction written here does not match the year
  • Year 1129, fol. 36v: the year as written differs from the count of years running down the line

What the transcriber marks in the copy

A second kind of mark, kept apart from the first: these are not the table breaking a rule but the copy being what it is: an entry written across two ruled rows, a numeral that cannot be read with confidence, a counter that does not run on from the row above. 304 rows carry one. They are reported where they stand, in the readout, and are not ticked on the line.

What is Hugh's and what is the copyist's cannot be settled from one book. Where a second witness has been collated at the same place, the page says which reading is which; everywhere else the wording is the Bamberg copy reads, and the fault is left where it was found rather than mended.

The persons, one by one

Hugh's spelling and Hugh's year first; then what he says the reign lasted, then how far his counter actually runs, then the modern dates where a name could be matched.

PersonColumnHugh's yearStated reignCounter rowsModern yearsDifference
Octavianus Augustus (after the Nativity) emperor 2 14 years 14 27 BC–14 +28
Tiberius imperator emperor 16 18 years 24 14–37 +2
Gaius qui et Caligula emperor 40 3 years, 10 months, 8 days 4 37–41 +3
Claudius emperor 44 14 years, 7 months, 28 days 14 41–54 +3
Nero emperor 58 14 years, 7 months, 28 days 13 54–68 +4
Galba emperor 71 0 years, 7 months 1 68–69 +3
Vespasianus emperor 72 9 years, 11 months, 22 days 10 69–79 +3
Titus emperor 82 3 years 3 79–81 +3
Domitianus emperor 85 13 years, 5 months 13 81–96 +4
Nerua emperor 98 1 year, 4 months 2 96–98 +2
Traianus emperor 100 19 years 19 98–117 +2
Adrianus emperor 119 21 years 21 117–138 +2
Antoninus Pius cum filiis suis emperor 140 22 years, 4 months 22 138–161 +2
Marcus Antoninus Verus cum fratre Lucio Aurelio Commodo emperor 162 19 years 19 161–180 +1
Commodus filius Antonini emperor 181 13 years 13 180–192 +1
Heluius Pertinax et Seuerus emperor 194 18 years 18 193–193 +1
Antoninus Caragalla emperor 212 7 years 7 211–217 +1
Macrinus emperor 219 1 year 1 217–218 +2
Antoninus emperor 220 3 years 3 218–222 +2
Alexander emperor 223 13 years 13 222–235 +1
Maximinus emperor 236 3 years 3 235–238 +1
Gordianus emperor 239 6 years 6 238–238 +1
Philippus cum Philippo filio emperor 245 7 years 7 244–249 +1
Decius emperor 252 1 year, 3 months 1 249–251 +3
Gallus cum Volusiano emperor 253 2 years, 3 months 3 251–253 +2
Valerianus cum Gallieno filio emperor 256 15 years 15 253–260 +3
Claudius emperor 271 1 year, 9 months 1 268–270 +3
Aurelianus emperor 272 6 years 7 270–275 +2
Tacitus emperor 279 1 year 1 275–276 +4
Probus emperor 280 6 years, 4 months 7 276–282 +4
Carus cum Carino et Numeriano emperor 287 2 years 2 282–283 +5
Dioclitianus emperor 289 17 years 18 284–305 +5
Maximinus Galerius emperor 306 3 years 3 not matched —
Constantinus emperor 309 30 years, 10 months 30 306–337 +3
Constantius cum Constantino et Constante fratribus emperor 339 24 years 24 337–361 +2
Iulius emperor 362 2 years, 7 months 2 361–363 +1
Iouinianus emperor 364 0 years, 7 months 1 363–364 +1
Valentinianus cum Valente fratre emperor 365 10 years 10 364–375 +1
Valens cum Gratiano et Valentiniano emperor 376 4 years 4 not matched —
Gratianus emperor 380 6 years 6 375–383 +5
Theodosius cum Valentiniano emperor 386 11 years 11 392–395 -6
Archadius emperor 397 13 years 14 not matched —
Honorius emperor 411 15 years 14 395–423 +16
Theodosius minor cum Valentino genero emperor 425 27 years 27 not matched —
Martianus et Valentinianus imperauerunt emperor 452 7 years 7 not matched —
Leo primus emperor 459 17 years 17 not matched —
Zeno emperor 476 16 years 16 476–491 0
Anastasius emperor 492 26 years 26 491–518 +1
Justinus emperor 518 9 years 8 518–527 0
Justinianus emperor 527 38 years 38 527–565 0
Justinus emperor 565 11 years 11 565–578 0
Tiberius emperor 576 7 years 8 578–582 -2
Mauricius emperor 584 21 years 21 582–602 +2
Phocas emperor 605 8 years 5 602–610 +3
Eraclius imperator cum Constantino filio suo emperor 610 31 years 31 610–641 0
Constantinus cum Iradona fratre emperor 641 28 years 29 641–641 0
Constantinus emperor 670 17 years 17 668–685 +2
Iustinianus emperor 687 10 years 10 685–695 +2
Leo emperor 697 3 years 2 695–698 +2
Tiberius emperor 699 7 years 7 698–705 +1
Iustinianus emperor 706 6 years 7 705–711 +1
Philippus emperor 713 not stated 1 711–713 +2
Anastasius emperor 714 3 years 3 713–715 +1
Theodosius emperor 717 not stated 1 715–717 +2
Leo cum Constantino filio emperor 718 25 years 25 717–741 +1
Constantinus cum Hyrene matre emperor 743 10 years, 2 months, 2 days 10 741–775 +2
Constantinus et Leo filius eius cum Pippino rege Francorum et Tharolo et Tharolo magno filius suus emperor 753 21 years, 1 month 48 780–797 -27
Karolus i accepit imperium Romanorum et emperor 801 13 years, 1 month, 4 days 13 800–814 +1
Lodoicus cum Lothario filio emperor 814 25 years 25 813–840 +1
Lotharius emperor 838 9 years 11 823–855 +15
Lotharius cum Lodoico filio emperor 849 5 years 6 not matched —
Lodoicus emperor 855 19 years 21 855–875 0
Karolus ii emperor 876 1 year, 9 months 5 875–877 +1
Karolus tertius emperor 881 not stated 22 881–888 0
Lodoicus emperor 903 not stated 5 901–905 +2
Berengarius emperor 908 not stated 8 915–924 -7
Berengarius emperor 916 not stated 5 not matched —
Ugo emperor 921 not stated 10 not matched —
Berengarius emperor 931 not stated 17 not matched —
Lotharius emperor 948 2 years 2 not matched —
Berengarius cum Adelberto filio suo emperor 950 11 years 12 not matched —
Otto primus emperor 962 6 years 6 962–973 0
Otto ii cum Ottone filio emperor 968 not stated 28 973–983 -5
Otto iii emperor 996 not stated 18 996–1002 0
Henricus emperor 1014 10 years 13 1014–1024 0
Conradus emperor 1027 16 years 21 1027–1039 0
Henricus imperator emperor 1048 11 years 38 1046–1056 +2
Henricus emperor 1086 not stated 19 1084–1106 +2
Henricus quartus emperor 1105 5 years 20 1111–1125 -6
Lotharius emperor 1125 7 years 14 1133–1137 -8
Petrus apostolus (at Antioch, then at Rome) pope 34 7 years, 7 months, 8 days 37 30–64 +4
Linus pope 71 11 years, 3 months, 13 days 11 64–76 +7
Cletus pope 82 11 years, 1 month, 11 days 11 76–88 +6
Clemens pope 93 9 years, 9 months, 10 days 9 88–97 +5
Anacletus pope 102 9 years, 9 months, 10 days 9 not matched —
Euaristus pope 111 10 years 10 97–105 +14
Alexander pope 121 8 years, 5 months, 2 days 8 105–115 +16
Sixtus pope 129 10 years, 3 months, 21 days 10 115–125 +14
Telesphorus pope 139 0 years, 3 months, 21 days 11 125–136 +14
Yginus pope 150 4 years, 3 months, 6 days 4 136–140 +14
Anicetus pope 154 9 years 9 155–166 -1
Pius pope 163 11 years, 4 months, 21 days 12 140–155 +23
Soter pope 175 9 years, 3 months, 21 days 9 166–174 +9
Eleutherius pope 184 15 years, 6 months, 5 days 15 174–189 +10
Victor pope 199 10 years, 2 months, 10 days 10 189–198 +10
Zepherinus pope 209 9 years, 5 months, 10 days 9 198–217 +11
Calixtus pope 218 5 years, 2 months, 2 days 5 218–222 0
Urbanus pope 223 8 years, 11 months, 12 days 8 222–230 +1
Pontianus pope 231 5 years, 2 months, 2 days 6 230–235 +1
Antheros pope 237 0 years, 1 month, 15 days 1 235–236 +2
Fabianus pope 238 14 years, 11 months, 11 days 14 236–250 +2
Cornelius pope 252 2 years, 2 months, 10 days 2 251–253 +1
Lucius pope 254 3 years, 3 months, 3 days 3 253–254 +1
Stephanus pope 257 4 years, 3 months, 3 days 4 254–257 +3
Sixtus pope 261 2 years, 11 months, 6 days 3 257–258 +4
Dionisius pope 264 2 years, 3 months 2 259–268 +5
Felix pope 266 2 years, 10 months, 25 days 2 269–274 -3
Eutitianus pope 268 8 years, 10 months, 4 days 9 275–283 -7
Gaius pope 277 11 years, 4 months, 9 days 12 283–296 -6
Marcellinus pope 289 7 years, 6 months, 25 days 16 296–304 -7
Marcellinus pope 304 6 years 5 308–309 -4
Eusebius pope 309 2 years, 2 months 3 309–310 0
Melciades pope 312 3 years, 7 months, 8 days 3 311–314 +1
Siluester pope 315 23 years, 7 months, 8 days 25 314–335 +1
Marcus pope 340 2 years, 7 months, 20 days 3 336–336 +4
Julius pope 342 15 years, 2 months, 7 days 12 337–352 +5
Liberius pope 354 9 years, 7 months 9 352–366 +2
Felix pope 363 1 year 6 355–365 +8
Damasus pope 369 18 years, 2 months, 10 days 18 366–384 +3
Siricius pope 388 15 years, 11 months, 25 days 17 384–399 +4
Anastasius pope 405 2 years, 26 days 3 399–401 +6
Innocentius pope 408 15 years, 2 months, 20 days 14 401–417 +7
Zosimus pope 422 1 year, 7 months, 25 days 3 417–418 +5
Bonefacius pope 425 3 years, 8 months, 14 days 3 418–422 +7
Celestinus pope 428 8 years, 1 month, 9 days 8 422–432 +6
Leo primus pontifex pope 436 21 years, 1 month, 27 days 21 440–461 -4
Hylarius pope 457 6 years, 3 months, 10 days 6 461–468 -4
Sixtus pope 463 8 years, 19 days 8 432–440 +31
Simplicius pope 471 15 years, 1 month, 7 days 15 468–483 +3
Felix pope 486 8 years, 11 months, 17 days 9 483–492 +3
Gelasius pope 495 4 years, 8 months, 19 days 4 492–496 +3
Anastasius pope 499 2 years, 11 months, 24 days 2 496–498 +3
Simachus pope 501 15 years, 7 months, 28 days 15 498–514 +3
Hormisda pope 516 9 years, 17 days 8 514–523 +2
Johannes pope 525 2 years, 8 months 3 523–526 +2
Felix pope 528 4 years, 2 months, 13 days 4 526–530 +2
Bonefatius pope 532 2 years 2 530–532 +2
Johannes pope 534 2 years, 4 months 2 533–535 +1
Agapitus pope 536 0 years, 11 months 1 535–536 +1
Siluerius pope 537 1 year, 5 months 3 536–537 +1
Vigilius pope 540 17 years, 6 months, 26 days 18 537–555 +3
Pelagius pope 558 4 years, 10 months, 18 days 4 556–561 +2
Johannes pope 562 13 years, 11 months, 27 days 15 561–574 +1
Benedictus pope 577 3 years, 1 month, 18 days 3 575–579 +2
Pelagius pope 580 10 years, 2 months, 10 days 12 579–590 +1
Gregorius doctor pope 592 13 years, 6 months, 10 days 14 590–604 +2
Sabinianus pope 606 1 year, 5 months, 9 days 2 604–606 +2
Bonifacius pope 608 0 years, 8 months, 19 days 1 608–615 0
Bonifacius pope 609 6 years, 8 months, 13 days 7 607–607 +2
Deusdedit pope 616 3 years, 1 month, 20 days 3 615–618 +1
Bonifacius pope 619 5 years, 6 months, 13 days 6 619–625 0
Honorius pope 625 12 years, 11 months, 17 days 13 625–638 0
Severinus pope 638 2 years, 4 months, 29 days 2 640–640 -2
Iohannes pope 640 1 year, 8 months, 15 days 2 640–642 0
Theodorus pope 642 6 years, 5 months, 8 days 7 642–649 0
Martinus martyr pope 649 6 years, 1 month, 26 days 6 649–654 0
Eugenius pope 655 2 years, 9 months, 23 days 2 654–657 +1
Vitalianus pope 657 14 years, 6 months, 13 days 14 657–672 0
Adeodatus pope 671 4 years, 2 months, 5 days 5 672–676 -1
Domnus pope 676 1 year, 5 months, 10 days 2 676–678 0
Agatho pope 678 2 years, 6 months, 4 days 3 678–681 0
Leo pope 681 0 years, 10 months, 17 days 1 682–683 -1
Benedictus pope 682 0 years, 10 months, 12 days 2 684–685 -2
Iohannes iii pope 684 1 year 2 685–686 -1
Conon pope 686 0 years, 11 months 1 686–687 0
Sergius pope 687 13 years, 8 months, 23 days 14 687–701 0
Iohannes iiii pope 701 3 years, 2 months, 13 days 3 701–705 0
Iohannes v pope 704 2 years, 7 months, 16 days 3 705–707 -1
Sisinnius pope 707 0 years, 20 days 1 708–708 -1
Constantinus pope 708 7 years, 15 days 7 708–715 0
Gregorius ii pope 715 16 years, 8 months, 17 days 16 715–731 0
Gregorius iii pope 731 10 years, 8 months, 24 days 11 731–741 0
Zacharias pope 742 10 years, 3 months, 15 days 10 741–752 +1
Stephanus ii pope 752 5 years, 1 month, 29 days 6 752–757 0
Paulus pope 758 10 years, 1 month 10 757–767 +1
Constantinus pope 768 1 year 1 not matched —
Stephanus pope 769 3 years, 5 months, 28 days 4 768–772 +1
Adrianus pope 773 23 years, 10 months, 17 days 23 772–795 +1
Leo iii pope 796 20 years, 5 months, 17 days 20 795–816 +1
Stephanus iiii pope 816 0 years, 7 months 1 816–817 0
Pascalis pope 817 7 years, 17 days 7 817–824 0
Eugenius pope 824 3 years, 2 months 3 824–827 0
Valentinus pope 826 0 years, 40 days 1 827–827 -1
Gregorius iiii pope 827 16 years 16 827–844 0
Sergius ii pope 843 3 years, 2 months, 15 days 3 844–847 -1
Leo iiii pope 846 8 years, 3 months, 6 days 10 847–855 -1
Benedictus pope 856 2 years, 6 months, 10 days 2 855–858 +1
Nicholaus i pope 858 9 years, 2 months, 20 days 10 858–867 0
Adrianus ii pope 868 5 years 5 867–872 +1
Iohannes viii pope 873 10 years, 2 days 10 872–882 +1
Marianus pope 883 1 year, 5 months 1 882–884 +1
Adrianus iii pope 884 1 year, 4 months 1 884–885 0
Stephanus v pope 885 6 years, 8 days 6 885–891 0
Formosus pope 891 5 years, 6 months 4 891–896 0
Bonifacius vi pope 895 0 years, 15 days 1 896–896 -1
Stephanus pope 896 2 years, 3 months 1 896–897 0
Romanus pope 897 0 years, 3 months 1 897–897 0
Theodorus pope 898 0 years, 20 days 1 897–897 +1
Iohannes viiii pope 899 2 years, 15 days 1 898–900 +1
Benedictus quartus pope 900 not stated 2 900–903 0
Leo v pope 902 0 years, 40 days 1 903–903 -1
Christoforus pope 903 0 years, 7 months 2 903–904 0
Sergius iii pope 905 7 years, 16 days 7 904–911 +1
Anastasius pope 912 2 years, 2 months 2 911–913 +1
Dando pope 914 0 years, 6 months 1 913–914 +1
Iohannes x pope 915 13 years, 2 months, 3 days 13 914–928 +1
Leo vi pope 928 0 years, 7 months 1 928–929 0
Stephanus vii pope 929 2 years, 2 months 2 929–931 0
Iohannes xi pope 931 4 years, 2 months, 10 days 3 931–935 0
Stephanus viii pope 934 3 years, 4 months, 15 days 3 939–942 -5
Leo vii pope 937 3 years, 6 months, 10 days 6 936–939 +1
Marinus ii pope 943 3 years, 6 months, 13 days 3 942–946 +1
Agapitus secundus pope 946 10 years, 6 months, 10 days 10 946–955 0
Iohannes xii pope 956 7 years 7 955–964 +1
Benedictus v pope 963 0 years, 2 months 1 964–964 -1
Leo pope 964 1 year, 4 months 1 964–965 0
Iohannes xiii pope 965 6 years, 11 months 8 965–972 0
Benedictus pope 973 1 year, 6 months 1 973–974 0
Donus pope 974 1 year, 6 months 1 not matched —
Bonifacius pope 975 1 year, 5 months 1 974–974 +1
Benedictus vii pope 976 9 years, 6 months 8 974–983 +2
Iohannes xiiii pope 984 0 years, 9 months 2 983–984 +1
Iohannes xv pope 986 10 years, 7 months 10 985–996 +1
Gregorius v pope 996 0 years, 2 months 2 996–999 0
Iohannes xvi pope 998 0 years, 10 months 1 997–998 +1
Silvester ii pope 999 3 years, 1 month, 9 days 4 999–1003 0
Iohannes xvii pope 1003 0 years, 5 months 1 1003–1003 0
Iohannes viii pope 1004 5 years 5 1003–1009 +1
Sergius iiii pope 1009 2 years, 9 months 3 1009–1012 0
Benedictus viii pope 1012 12 years 12 1012–1024 0
Iohannes xviiii pope 1024 9 years, 9 months 9 1024–1032 0
Benedictus viiii pope 1033 14 years 13 1032–1044 +1
Silvester iii pope 1046 0 years, 56 days 1 1045–1045 +1
Gregorius vi pope 1047 2 years 1 1045–1046 +2
Clemens pope 1048 0 years, 9 months, 7 days 1 1046–1047 +2
Damasus pope 1049 0 years, 23 days 1 1048–1048 +1
Leo nonus pope 1050 5 years, 2 months, 6 days 5 1049–1054 +1
Victor ii pope 1055 2 years, 2 months, 13 days 3 1055–1057 0
Stephanus pope 1058 0 years, 9 months 1 1057–1058 +1
Benedictus x pope 1059 0 years, 9 months 1 1058–1059 +1
Nicholaus ii pope 1060 2 years, 6 months 3 1058–1061 +2
Alexander ii pope 1063 11 years, 6 months, 20 days 11 1061–1073 +2
Gregorius vii pope 1074 12 years, 1 month, 3 days 13 1073–1085 +1
Victor iii pope 1087 0 years, 2 months 2 1086–1087 +1
Urbanus ii pope 1089 11 years, 4 months 11 1088–1099 +1
Paschalis ii pope 1100 18 years, 5 months, 7 days 18 1099–1118 +1
Gelasius pope 1118 not stated 1 1118–1119 0
Calixtus ii pope 1119 5 years, 10 months, 13 days 6 1119–1124 0
Honorius secundus pope 1125 5 years, 2 months 14 1124–1130 +1

What Hugh says

Everything the machine does is supposed to come from Hugh's own account of what these tables are. Below are the sentences it leans on, each with the witness it is read from. They are this exhibition's transcriptions, not an edition.

  1. Lineam namque computationis, quae praesentis saeculi cursum metitur, in gemina partiti sumus: superiorem eius partem ab exordio saeculi usque ad incarnationem Domini porrigentes, subteriorem atque posteriorem ab incarnatione Domini deorsum ad nos usque extendimus.

    For the line of reckoning, which measures the course of the present age, we have divided in two: its upper part we have stretched from the beginning of the world to the Incarnation of the Lord, and the lower, later part we have extended from the Incarnation downwards to ourselves.

    Hugh's own name for the tables: a line (linea) of reckoning, in two halves. This machine runs the lower half, from the Incarnation to Hugh's present.

    Witness: London, British Library, Stowe MS 4, fol. 268v (our transcription)

  2. Primum ergo personas cum temporibus tali ordine disponemus, in longitudinem lineam ab exordio porrigentem; deinde loca etiam designabimus, quantum capacitas abbreviationis patietur.

    First, then, we shall set out the persons together with the times in such an order, running the line out lengthways from the beginning; then we shall mark in the places as well, as far as the capacity of an abridgement allows.

    The last sentences of the prologue announce the design of the tables: persons and times along the length of the line, places across it.

    Witness: Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, fol. 2r (our transcription)

  3. Sicque in arca cordis tempus et numerus longitudinem metiuntur; arcam in latitudine expandit locus, ut deinde cetera disponantur in suis locis.

    And so, in the strongbox of the heart, time and number measure out the length; place spreads the strongbox out in breadth, so that everything else can then be arranged in its own places.

    The two axes of the table as Hugh imagines them in the memory: the years down the length, the columns across the breadth.

    Witness: Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, fol. 2r (our transcription)

  4. Tria autem sunt in quibus praecipue cognitio pendet rerum gestarum, id est personae a quibus res gestae sunt, et loca in quibus gesta sunt, et tempora quando gestae sunt.

    There are three things on which knowledge of things done chiefly depends: that is, the persons by whom the deeds were done, and the places in which they were done, and the times when they were done.

    The sentence that names the work; every row of the line answers it for one year.

    Witness: Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, fol. 2r (our transcription)

What have we added

The table is Hugh's; the pointer, the highlight, the modern comparison and the chart are ours. The grade says how firmly Hugh's own words carry each element: what he states outright, what follows from what he states, and what we simply chose in order to make something a visitor can work.

ElementGradeHugh saysWe inferWe chose
The line of years, one row a yearhighThe line of reckoning we have divided in two; the later part we have extended from the Incarnation downwards to ourselves (Stowe 4, fol. 268v).That the line is addressable by year: each row is a place, as each number was a place on the line of the prologue.A pointer that moves along the years and a highlight on the photographed row.
Persons and times along the lengthhighWe shall set out the persons together with the times, running the line out lengthways from the beginning (fol. 2r).That an accession entry names the person and starts his count, and that the count carries him down the rows until the next entry.To carry each name down to the next accession in its column, so that any row can say who was in office.
Places across the breadthinferredPlace spreads the strongbox out in breadth (fol. 2r); then we shall mark in the places as well.That the columns of this half of the line, the pontiffs and the emperors, are the places Hugh means here: the see of Rome and the seat of the Empire; his geographical lists elsewhere are the places in the plainer sense.To call the columns places on the readout, with that inference declared.
The indictionhigh in the table; not explained in the prologueThe second column of every leaf is headed Indictio and cycles from one to fifteen.That the indiction is written by the rule ((year + 2) mod 15) + 1, since AD 47 carries v and AD 282 carries xv.To show the indiction as written beside the value the rule gives, and to mark the rows where they differ.
The regnal countershighBeside each pontiff and each emperor a column headed Anni counts his years from one (the leaves).That the count should run to the length stated at the accession, and that where it does not, the copy or the text has slipped.To compare the count with the stated reign and to list the disagreements.
The comparison with modern datesoursnoneNothing; Hugh's dates are his own reckoning.To set the modern accession years beside Hugh's and to draw the drift along the line; the modern list is a reference, not a judgement on what Hugh could have known.
What is Hugh's and what is the copyist'spartly settlednoneWhere the Bamberg copy is checked against the Saint-Victor copy at a marked place, a slip found in one and not the other belongs to the copyist; elsewhere the reading is the Bamberg copy's.To say 'the Bamberg copy reads' unless a place was collated.
Where the line endshighThe last pope entered is Honorius II and the last emperor Lothar, both at 1125 on fol. 36v; from 1127 to the last ruled row, 1137, only the year and the indiction are written, in the same hand as the rest.That this copy was made at or after the end of 1137, since Lothar's reign is given complete (regnavit annos vii, imperavit annos v), and that the ruled but empty years are the line waiting for its continuation, as Hugh meant it to be extended.To run the pointer to 1137 as ruled, and to leave the empty rows empty.

What this page is not: an edition of the Chronicle, a corrected chronology, or a judgement on Hugh's accuracy. The comparison with modern dates is there to make the line's drift visible, not to mark it right or wrong; where the two disagree, both are reported and neither is altered.

The leaves

24 leaves carry the line from 1 to 1137, 1139 rows in all. Each is shown here whole, as photographed, and each is a local copy kept with this page.

Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 25r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 1 to 46
fol. 25r. The years 1–46, 46 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 25v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 47 to 93
fol. 25v. The years 47–93, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 26r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 94 to 140
fol. 26r. The years 94–140, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 26v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 141 to 187
fol. 26v. The years 141–187, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 27r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 188 to 234
fol. 27r. The years 188–234, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 27v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 235 to 281
fol. 27v. The years 235–281, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 28r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 282 to 328
fol. 28r. The years 282–328, 48 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 28v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 329 to 374
fol. 28v. The years 329–374, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 29r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 376 to 423
fol. 29r. The years 376–423, 48 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 29v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 424 to 471
fol. 29v. The years 424–471, 48 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 30r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 472 to 519
fol. 30r. The years 472–519, 48 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 30v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 521 to 567
fol. 30v. The years 521–567, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 31r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 568 to 615
fol. 31r. The years 568–615, 48 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 31v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 616 to 663
fol. 31v. The years 616–663, 48 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 32r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 664 to 711
fol. 32r. The years 664–711, 48 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 32v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 712 to 759
fol. 32v. The years 712–759, 48 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 33r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 760 to 806
fol. 33r. The years 760–806, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 33v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 807 to 853
fol. 33v. The years 807–853, 48 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 34r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 854 to 900
fol. 34r. The years 854–900, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 34v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 901 to 947
fol. 34v. The years 901–947, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 35r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 948 to 994
fol. 35r. The years 948–994, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 35v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 995 to 1041
fol. 35v. The years 995–1041, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 36r: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 1042 to 1088
fol. 36r. The years 1042–1088, 47 rows.
Bamberg Msc.Patr.21, folio 36v: a ruled page of the Chronicle's table carrying the years 1089 to 1137
fol. 36v. The years 1089–1137, 50 rows.

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