One Thousand and One Conjectures

An abecedarium — a written-out sequence of an alphabet in its canonical order — is copied and taught from teacher to pupil down the generations, and each retransmission risks small changes to the order: a transposition, an inserted letter, a dropped one.…

Radiocarbon dating works because decay happens at a constant rate; the conjecture is that manuscript copying does too. Scribes make errors, and within a single scriptorium — same training, same exemplars, same working conditions — the rate of new errors introduced per…

Joins Sanskrit metrics to stemmatics as a dating instrument: the epic shloka admits licensed variations (the vipula forms) whose frequencies drifted historically toward the stricter classical norm, and an interpolator cannot help writing the verse rhythm of his own training. Passages rejected…

Byzantine scribes framed their books with verse epigrams, most in the strict twelve-syllable line whose prosody every schooled scribe once commanded. The conjecture: when the same epigram type is recopied across centuries, its metrical faults accumulate at a measurable rate, because later…

Evolutionary biologists know that molecular change tracks generations rather than calendar years: fast-breeding lineages accumulate mutations faster. Apply that familiar clock to the Pallava-derived scripts of Southeast Asia, which are unusually datable because so many inscriptions carry exact śaka dates: the conjecture…

Geʽez ceased to be anyone's mother tongue by roughly 1000 CE, while the spoken successors, Amharic and Tigrinya, merged several laryngeal consonants and the vowels around them. From that point on, scribes copied sounds they could no longer hear, so spellings among…

Hebrew script types are named for regions — Sephardic, Ashkenazic, Italian, Byzantine, Oriental — but expulsions kept tearing scribes loose from the landscapes their hands were named for. Because SfarData records both the script type and the actual place of copying, the…

The documentary horoscopes preserved on Greek papyri were computed from astronomical tables, and we can now recompute which ones. The surprising connection is that provincial practitioners used systematically OBSOLETE tables — one to two parameter-generations behind the best contemporary theory — with…

Hebrew manuscripts can be dated at scale because the SfarData project regressed script and codicological features against thousands of explicitly dated colophons, turning handwriting into a clock. Sanskrit manuscripts — one of the largest manuscript bodies on earth — mostly carry no…

Papyrologists measured a canonization in progress: early Ptolemaic Homer papyri are "wild," with extra lines and variants everywhere, and the variant rate collapses over about two centuries as the Alexandrian text takes hold — a stabilization curve with a measurable rate constant.…